Revenir à la [[intro_histoire_numerique:accueil|page d'accueil]] du cours.


====== Conceptualisation de l'information factuelle ======

{{:intro_histoire_numerique:beretta_conceptualisation_information_factuelle_3-3.pdf|La conceptualisation de l'information factuelle}} (diapositives, version 3.3, novembre 2023) 



  * [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontologie_(informatique)|Ontologie (informatique)]] / [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)|Ontology]] (Wikipedia en anglais): un modèle du monde




===== OntoME: Ontology Management Environment =====
  * Le [[https://ontome.dataforhistory.org/classes-tree|CIDOC CRM et son extension pour les sciences historiques dans OntoME]]: explorer la hiérarchie des classes, lire les définitions, inspecter les relations et découvrir d'autres classes.





===== Classes essentielles =====



==== Persistent items (Endurants) ====

  * [[https://ontome.net/class/21/namespace/1|crm:E21 Person]]
  * [[https://ontome.net/class/68/namespace/1|crm:E74 Group]]
  * Natural Physical Thing
  * crm:E24 Human-Made Physical Thing
  * Geographical Place
  * Construction
  * Concept (Type)
  * Propositional object
  * Symbolic Object
  * Information Object


==== Temporal Entities (Perdurants) ====


  * Event
  * Quality
  * Intentional Event
  * Intentional State
  * Epistemic Situation
  * Period
  * Connotation / Classification
  * Social Relationship
  * Persons’ Interaction


===== OntoClean =====

Ontoclean est une méthodologie de vérification et amélioration de modèles conceptuels et ontologies.

Cf. cette [[intro_histoire_numerique:ontoclean|page de documentation]]



===== CIDOC CRM =====


  * Le [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/|modèle conceptuel CIDOC CRM]]
  * La raison d'être et la méthode du CIDOC CRM : Doerr Martin, Ore Christian-Emil et Stead Stephen, « The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model - A New Standard for Knowledge Sharing ER2007 Tutorial », Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology (CRPIT)(26th  International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2007, Auckland, New Zealand) 83, 2007. ([[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241838692_The_CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model_-_A_New_Standard_for_Knowledge_Sharing_ER2007_Tutorial|accessible ici]])
  * Le [[http://old.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc_tutorial/index.html|tutoriel en ligne (en anglais)]]
  * Application pratique, cas de figure: [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/functional-units|Functional Overview]] 
  * La [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/collaboration_resources|famille des extensions]] du CIDOC CRM: [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/frbroo/|FRBRoo]] (bilbiographie), [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/crmarchaeo/|CRMarcheo]] (fouilles archéologiques), ...  \\
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/useCasesPage|Cas d'utilisation (des exemples d'application du modèle)]]

=== Tutoriels ===

  * [[http://beta.biblissima.fr/|Biblissima]] ("Bibliothèque virtuelle des bibliothèques" concernant les livres "écrits, traduits, enluminés, collectionnés ou inventoriés depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle") se fonde sur une ontologie alignée avec le CIDOC CRM.
  * Site Biblissima (documentation concernant le CIDOC CRM en français) :
    * {{:intro_histoire_numerique:01-12-2014bnf_intro_cidoc_ld.pdf|Pauline Charbonnier, Introduction au CIDOC CRM et au Linked Data (2014)}}
    * [[https://doc.biblissima.fr/introduction-au-cidoc-crm|Introduction au CIDOC CRM]]
    * [[https://doc.biblissima.fr/introduction-a-frbroo|Introduction à FRBRoo]]
    * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/tutorialPage|Tutorials]] – [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm-tutorial|Steve Stead, Tutorial 2008]] (Excellent tutoriel en anglais)
      * {{:intro_histoire_numerique:crm_for_crete_film.pdf|Steve Stead, Diapositives tutoriel 2008}}


=== Bibliographie ===

  * Doerr M. (2003). The CIDOC CRM. An Ontological Ap- proach to Semantic Interoperability of Metadata. AI Magazine vol. 24, number 3, p.75-92.
  * Doerr M., Hunter J., Lagoze C. (2003). Towards a Core Ontology for Information Integration, Journal of Digital In- formation 4(1).
  * Doerr M. (2009). Ontologies for Cultural Heritage. Handbook on ontologies. 2nd ed., Berlin, Springer, p. 463-486.
  * [[http://www.cidoc-crm.org/Version/version-6.2.1|CIDOC CRM 6.2.1]] – Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, Produced by the ICOM/CIDOC Documentation Standards Group, Continued by the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group Version 6.2.1 October 2015 Current Main Editors: Patrick Le Boeuf, Martin Doerr, Christian Emil Ore, Stephen Stead, Contributors: Trond Aalberg, Detlev Balzer, Chryssoula Bekiari, Lina Boudouri, Nick Crofts, Gordon Dunsire, Øyvind Eide, Tony Gill, Günther Goerz, Monika Hagedorn-Saupe, Gerald Hiebel, Jon Holmen, Juha Inkari, Dolores Iorizzo, Juha Kotipelto, Siegfried Krause, Karl Heinz Lampe, Carlos Lamsfus, Jutta Lindenthal, Mika Nyman, Pat Riva, Lene Rold, Richard Smiraglia, Regine Stein, Matthew Stiff, Maja Žumer Copyright © 2003 ICOM/CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group
  * Doerr M., Meghini C. (2018). A first-order logic expres- sion of the CIDOC conceptual reference model . International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies 13 (2), p. 131-149.






===== Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences (SDHSS)  =====


  * [[https://ontome.net/namespace/11|Semantic Data for Humanities and Social Sciences (SDHSS) CIDOC CRM Top-Level Extension]]
  * Beretta F., « A Challenge for Historical Research: Making Data FAIR Using a Collaborative Ontology Management Environment (OntoME) », Semantic Web 12, no 2 (1 janvier 2021): 279‑94, [[https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-200416|https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-200416]].
  * [[http://phn-wiki.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/doku.php?id=fairdata:seances_atelier_fair#novembre_2020|Atelier données FAIR]], 10 novembre 2020


===== DOLCE =====

==== DOLCE & DnS ====

  * [[http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/dolce/overview.html|DOLCE - WonderWeb]]
  * Masolo, C., Borgo, S., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Ol- tramari, A. (2003). WonderWeb Deliverable D18 Ontology Library (final), Trento, Laboratory For Applied Ontology.
  * Borgo S., Masolo C. (2009). Foundational Choices in DOLCE. Handbook on Ontologies. Berlin/Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, p. 361-381.


==== Descriptions and situations – DnS ====

  * Gangemi A., Mika P. (2003). Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations. On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2003: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE. Berlin/Heidelberg, Springer, p. 689-706.
  * Bottazzi E., Catenacci C., Gangemi A., Lehmann J.(2006). From collective intentionality to intentional collectives: An ontological perspective. Cognitive Systems Re- search 7 (2-3), p. 192-208.
  * Gangemi A., Lehmann J., Catenacci C. (2008). Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 17, p. 70-112.


==== DLP / DUL ====

  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dlp|DOLCE Light Plus]] – DLP (version 3.9.7)
  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/|DOLCE Ultra Light]] – DUL 
  * Gangemi A., Presutti V. (2016). Dolce+D&S Ultralite and its main ontology design patterns. Ontology Engineer- ing with Ontology Design Patterns. Amsterdam, IOS Press, p. 81–103.
  * [[http://ontologydesignpatterns.org|Ontology Design Patterns]]