Revenir à l'[[intro_histoire_numerique:accueil|accueil]]





====== Linked Open Data (LOD) ======



"Linekd Open Data defines a vision of globally accessible and linked data on the internet based on the RDF standards of the semantic web. LOD is often thought of as a virtual data cloud where anyone can access any data they are authorized to see and may also add to any data without disturbing the original data source. This provides an open environment where data can be created, connected and consumed on internet scale. A basic theory of LOD is that data has more value if it can be connected to other data. Data, in this context, is any structured web-based information." ([[https://www.w3.org/egov/wiki/Linked_Open_Data|W3C eGov Wiki: Linked Open Data]], consulté 22 novembre 2020)




  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium|W3C- World Wide Web Consortium]] (Wikipedia, en angl.)
  *[[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language|Hypertext Markup Language  – HTML]] (Wikipedia en français)
  * [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_open_data|Linked open data]] (Wikipedia – en fr.)
  * [[https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData|Tim Berners-Lee, The Linked Open Data (2006/2009)]] 
  * [[https://www.lod-cloud.net/#diagram|The Linked Open Data Cloud]] – [[https://www.lod-cloud.net/#diagram|Browse]]
  * [[https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/intro-to-linked-data|Introduction to the Principles of Linked Open Data]] (The Programming historian)



 ===== Knowledge Graph =====

  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_graph|Knowledge Graph]]
  * [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Fuzheado/queries#Knowledge_graph|Wikidata as a Knowledge Graph]]
  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Knowledge_Graph|Google Knowledge Graph]]
  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web|Semantic Web]] (Wikipedia)






===== DBPedia =====

  * [[https://wiki.dbpedia.org/|DBPedia]] – Documentation et exemples
  * [[http://fr.dbpedia.org/doc/derefRessource.html|DBPedia en français]]
  * [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia|DBPedia – article Wikipedia (fr)]]


===== Wikidata =====


  * [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page|Wikidata]]
  * [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_tutorial/fr|Wikidata:Tutoriel SPARQL]]
  * [[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/queries|Wikidata:SPARQL query service/queries]]

==== Wikidata SPARQL Endpoint ====


  * [[https://query.wikidata.org/|Wikidata SPARQL Endpoint]]
  * [[https://query.wikidata.org/querybuilder/?uselang=en|Wikidata Query Builder]]




===== Le web des données =====

    * Les principes du web du données: les [[http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html|5 étoiles]]
    * Le contexte: [[http://5stardata.info|5-star open data]] [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donn%C3%A9es_ouvertes|Les données ouvertes]]
    * [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier|URI]] / [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier|IRI]]
    * Grammaire et syntaxes:  [[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/|RDF, modèle abstrait]], [[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/|RDFS (RDF Schema)]], [[http://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/|RDF N-quads]], OWL: [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language|OWL-Wikipedia]] – [[http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/owl|OWL un monde]]
    * Sérializations: [[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/|syntaxe RDF XML]], [[http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/|Turtle]]
    * Espaces de noms: [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espace_de_noms_XML|définition dans le contexte XML]] ; [[http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names11/|Recommendation 2006]]
    * [[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#vocabularies|Vocabulaires]], [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9saurus|thesauri]]: [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System|SKOS]]; [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontologie_(informatique)|ontologies]]: [[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia|DBPedia (notice fra)]] – [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia|DBPedia (notice eng)]] – [[http://dbpedia.org/ontology/|DBPedia ontology]] – [[http://fr.dbpedia.org/|DBPedia FR]]
    * Synthèse: [[http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/|Tom Heath and Christian Bizer (2011) Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (1st edition). Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, 1:1, 1-136. Morgan & Claypool.]]


===== Cours en ligne =====

  * Harald Sack, [[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoOmvuyo5UAcBXlhTti7kzetSsi1PpJGR|Knowledge Engineering with Semantic Web Technologies]] (introduction complète à la méthodologie et à la sémantique)
  * Harald Sack, [[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoOmvuyo5UAfY6jb46jCpMoqb-dbVewxg|Linked Data Engineering (Semantic Web) OpenHPI]] (plus orienté ingéniérie et application)


===== Interroger le web des données =====

    * Le langage SPARQL
      * SPARQL 1.1:  [[http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/|SPARQL 1.1 Query Language]]
      * SPARQL 1.1 Update : [[https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-sparql11-query-20130321/#scopeFilters|SPARQL 1.1 Update]]
      * GeoSPARQL: [[http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/geosparql|GeoSPARQL]]
    * Tutoriels:
      * [[https://web-semantique.developpez.com/tutoriels/jena/arq/introduction-sparql/|Le tutoriel SPARQL]] 
      * Tutoriel vidéo: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8_rTxy67-8|partie I]] , [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlOJSsu3_to|partie II]]


===== Applications =====

    * La [[https://www.geovistory.org/|plateforme Geovistory]]
    * L'{{:thatcamp_2014:symogih_ontology_0-2-0.zip|ontologie du projet symogih.org}}